The research indicated that increasing the total bonded joint area increases HRAM resistance of a joint. A coarse mesh cohesive zone failure model (CZM) is created of both configurations using Arbitrary Lagrangian Euler (ALE) Fluid Structure Interaction techniques in the commercial software LS-DYNA to predict failure and possible damage attenuation of a full scale fuel cell model that utilizes these two T-joints types. Treatment by hydrodynamic pressure is an attractive alternative for meat tenderization and might also have an effect on foodborne pathogens. This modified joint is tested in the RamGun and its resistance to HRAM is examined by studying the pressure required to cause failure. Additional plies are then added to another joint with the same skin thickness at the skin interface to increase the total bonded area. Abstract : Hydrodynamic ram (HRAM) refers to the damage process due to high pressures generated when a high-velocity projectile penetrates a compartment or vessel containing a fluid. In this study a baseline T-joint is tested using the V50 ballistic testing approach to establish the pressure range required to cause failure of the joint. The test chamber is instrumented with a variety of pressure transducers to record the pressure applied to the joint in the chamber. ![]() Independent joint testing using a Ram Simulator or RamGun, a device capable of creating HRAM pressure, enables testing of T-joints to assess HRAM resistance. Fuel cells are particularly susceptible to HRAM, with the critical damage occurring at the joints. By considering both hydrodynamic pressure and ram pressure effects on flow through a porous wheel, we construct here a predictive model for calculating the. Hydrodynamic Ram (HRAM), which occurs due to overpressure created in an enclosed fluid by the transfer of energy and momentum from a penetrating projectile, can be quite destructive to the enclosing structure.
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